2022考研英语真题：考研英语一翻译部分答案解析

Part C

46. It was also, and this is unknown even to many people well read about the period, a battle between those who made codes and those who broke them.

【译文】即使是对许多好好研读过这段时期历史的人来说(1分)，他们也不知道这也是一场创造密码的人和破解密码的人之间的较量(1分)。

【重难点】and this is unknown … the period为插入语，起强调的作用，翻译时可提前置于句首，其中well read about the period为形容词短语作后置定语，修饰people，well read意为“博学的”;主干为It was also a battle;between those who … broke them为介词短语作后置定语，翻译时放所修饰的名词battle前，译为“……的较量”，且who made codes和who broke them为定语从句，修饰各自前面的those，因从句较短，翻译时放在所修饰先行词those前即可，译为“创造密码的人”和“破解密码的人”。

47. It listed many documents in code that had been captured from the French army of Spain, and whose secrets had been revealed by the work of one George Scovell, an officer in British headquarters.

【译文】它(书中)列出了许多从西班牙的法国军队那里缴获的密码文件(1分)，这些文件的秘密已经被英军指挥部的一位军官乔治•斯科维尔揭露了出来(1分)。

【重难点】in code为介词短语作后置定语，意为“使用密码的”，此处documents in code即为“密码文件”;that had been … Spain和whose secrets … British headquarters为两个定语从句，由并列连词and连接，修饰名词词组documents in code，其中第一个定语从句翻译时可放所修饰名词词组前，译为“从西班牙的法国军队那里缴获的密码文件”，翻译第二个定语从句时，可将从句引导词whose译为先行词“这些文件的”，然后顺译即可;an officer in British headquarters为George Scovell的同位语，对其进行解释说明，其中，in British headquarters为介词短语作定语，修饰officer，翻译时放所修饰名词前，译为“英军指挥部的一位军官”，且此处同位语说明了George Scovell的身份，根据汉语先介绍人物身份再说人名的习惯，可译为“英军指挥部的一位军官乔治•斯科维尔”。

48. …he could not analyze carefully what this obscure officer may or may not have contributed to that great struggle between nations or indeed tell us anything much about the man himself.

【译文】他(阿曼)无法精细分析(0.5分)这位鲜为人知的军官是否对那场国家间的大规模战争起到作用(1分)，也无法确切地告诉我们更多有关他本人的任何事情(0.5分)。

【重难点】could not analyze … between nations和indeed tell us … himself为两个“谓语+宾语”的结构，由并列连词or连接;what this obscure officer … between nations为宾语从句，作analyze的宾语，其中may or may not可以灵活译为“是否”，宾语从句整体翻译为“这位鲜为人知的军官是否对那场国家间的大规模战争起到作用”。

49. There may have been many spies and intelligence officers during the Napoleonic Wars, but it is usually extremely difficult to find the material they actually provided or worked on.

【译文】在拿破仑战争期间，可能有很多间谍和情报官员(1分)，但通常很难找到他们实际提供或研究过的资料(1分)。

【重难点】There may have been … the Napoleonic Wars和it is usually extremely difficult … worked on由并列连词but连接;其中during the Napoleonic Wars为介词短语作状语，修饰句子，翻译时需要前置翻译，intelligence officer意为“情报人员”，the Napoleonic Wars意为“拿破仑战争”;it is usually … worked on为形式主语句型，it为形式主语，to find … worked on是真正的主语，翻译时遵循整体顺译原则，但其中they actually provided or worked on为省略引导词的定语从句，修饰material，因其较短，翻译时提至先行词前译出。

50. Just as the code breaking has its wider relevance in the struggle for Spain, so his attempts to make his way up the promotion ladder speak volumes about British society.

【译文】正如密码破译在争夺西班牙的斗争中有其更广泛的意义(1分)，他在晋升途径上的尝试也提供了很多关于英国社会的信息(1分)。

【重难点】just as … so…为固定的句式结构，意为“正如……，……也一样”;code breaking意为“密码破译”;in the struggle for Spain 为介词短语作状语，修饰谓语动词has，翻译时提至所修饰动词前;to make his way up the promotion ladder为to do不定式短语作后置定语，修饰attempts，翻译时提至所修饰名词前，make one’s way意为“(在生活或事业等方面)取得进步”;speak volumes about意为“清楚表明;充分说明”。